THE UNBELIEVABLE FAUNA OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL
THE UNBELIEVABLE FAUNA OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZILBy: Prof.PhD. Paulo Neves (usppd@yahoo.com.br)
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INTRODUCTION
The southernmost state of Brazil is bordered to the south by Uruguay and to the west with Argentina; its northern limit is with the state of Santa Catarina, and to the east with the Atlantic Ocean.
Rio Grande do Sul has a satisfactory animal diversity, which credits its two great biomes, Pampa and Atlantic Forest, with large grassland and forest areas, which despite the aggressions suffered by Homo sapiens, still somehow resist. Another important factor, which we still emphasize, are environmental education programs measures that arise through schools, television, etc. that in some way are raising awareness, especially among young people (children and adolescents) who, instead of attacking animals, observe them (the use of “bodoque” to shoot birds is practically non-existent nowadays, something so common in our childhoods). But the matter is still very critical and worrying, mainly due to the advance of agro-pastoral activities to the limits of the so-called permanent preservation areas.
The Turvo State Park, in Derrubadas, the last frontier that still has the food chain preserved, with the jaguar and tapir, is in a precarious situation, with few individuals of the feline. Perhaps its presence is more due to the fact that the Park borders the Argentine forests on the opposite side of Uruguay river, where conservation programs are more efficient and the degree of civilization of the people is greater than anything else. I cite for the region a fact that I witnessed a few days ago. In São Borja, further south, a friend told me about the appearance of a "lobo-guará") in the woods of his rural property. Then he sent me a film in which some specimens of puma ("onça-parda") were walking through the interior of the forest. He also told me about the appearance of a jaguar (which he was unable to photograph). A few days later, with sadness, he told me that the "lobo-guará" had been killed by a neighboring farmer. Man's ignorance has no limits! Encouraging, for me, was the account of another friend, a resident of Caiboaté Grande, in the interior of São Gabriel, in the Campanha-West region of the state, that a "lobo-guará" appeared with two cubs in a eucalyptus forest on his property. Our people this, if confirmed, is something very significant. Animals that we only had memory in the last 50-60 years through stories told by the elders, now having more reliable reports. I, in particular, only had news of this instigating “lobo-guará” through a report made by the newspaper Zero Hora of Porto Alegre, some time ago, with the record of the carnivore in the fields above the mountains, in the Atlantic Forest biome. Of course, these things make us happy, but we know how difficult it is for animal species to return to the places they inhabited in past times. The fact is that, most of the time, we are based on reports, assumptions, hopes, fanciful aspects, but even so, it is still an encouragement. For me that counts, and a lot!, because the reports of researchers and scientists are always very cold, very rational, based on proven facts and not on reports, which almost always frustrates our expectations and our fantasies.
With this blogger about the fauna of Rio Grande do Sul, I intend to materialize the experiences of this “old geologist”, who always saw nature as something much bigger than the inanimate world in which he worked. All the animals I visualized in the field have always been deserving of absolute admiration and respect.
“It's on the “internet – you tube”, a video in which a jaguar is swimming along the Uruguay river at the height of Salto Grande, Turvo State Park in Derrubadas, in the Argentina-Brazil direction. Upon arriving at the waterfall, it is carried by the current (“or lets herself be carried”) and is enveloped by the fall. The people who record the fact make a fuss. And, as if it were a Phoenix, the fantastic animal emerges from the waters and calmly crosses the rest of the flowing river and enters the forest on the Brazilian side”.
The question remains: would a human achieve such a feat? Could it be that the aggressions that humans do to animals are not the result of their weaknesses? There is nothing more grotesque than a hunter armed with a firearm to camouflage himself and surreptitiously wait to surprise an animal and kill it. What is the reason for all this if not the very weakness of the human being, reduced to his insignificance before Nature.
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AMPHIBIANS
1. Cecília - Source: Lema; Martins, 2011.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Amphibia
Order: Gminophiona
Family: Siphonopidae
Genus: Siphonops
Species: S. annulatus Mikan, 1820 (Popular names in Brazil: cecília, cobra-cega)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: tropical or subtropical moist lowland forests, savannah, maquis, grasslands, plantations and rural gardens.
Habit: underground environment.
Diet: earthworms, insect larvae, small amphibians and snakes.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: ? maybe in NE of state.
2. Rã-bugio - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Odontophrynidae
Genus: Proceratophrys
Species: P. brauni Kwet & Faivovich, 2001 (Popular names in Brazil: rã-bugio, sapo-boi-pequeno)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: subtropical, humid tropical forests and rivers.
Habit: nocturnal.
Diet: insects.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Papagaio Charão, in Sarandi.
3. Sapinho-de-barriga-vermelha - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Melanophryniscus
Species: M. dorsalis Mertens, 1933 (Popular names in Brazil: sapinho-de-barriga-vermelha)
Extinction risk: (CR).
Habitat: dunes forest ("matinha das dunas").
Habit: nocturnal, lives on leaves on the forest floor.
Diet: ants and mites.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapeva, in Torres.
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BIRDS
1. Águia-cinzenta - Source: oeco.org.br. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Acipitrininae
Genus: Urubitinga
Species: U. coronata Vieillot, 1817 (Popular names in Brazil: águia-cinzenta, águia-coronata, águia-tatuzeira, águia-cinza, águia-de-fumaça, águia-queimada, gavião-tatuzeiro, tatuzeira).
Extinction risk: (EN).
Habit: daytime.
Habitat: edge of forests and savannas.
Diet: skunks, hares, armadillos, wild mice, etc., birds and reptiles (especially snakes); eventually can consume carrion.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas, in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana, and São Francisco de Paula.
2. Biguá - Source: guiaanimal.net. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Suliformes
Suborder: Scolopaci
Family: Phralacrocolacidae
Genus: Nannopterum
Species: N. brasilianum Gmelin, 1789 (Reichembach, 1849) (Popular names in Brazil: biguá, corvo-marinho, cormorão, pata d'água, biguauná, imbiuá, mergulhão)
Extinction risk: l(LC).
Habitat: aquatic, along water courses and other water bodies, including artificial lakes. They use riparian forests and sarandizais and mangrove forests as refuges.
Habit: daytime, aquatic.
Diet: fishes, crustaceans, tadpoles, toads, frogs, and aquatic insects.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí, in Porto Alegre and Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual do Delta do Jacuí, in Canoas, Charqueadas, Eldorado do Sul, Nova Santa Rita, Porto Alegre and Triunfo.
3. Cardeal-amarelo - Source: br.pinterest.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Suborder: Passeri
Parvorder: Passearia
Family: Thraupidae
Subfamily: Thraupinae
Genus: Gurbernatrix
Species: G. cristata Vieillot, 1817 (Popular names in Brazil: cardeal-amarelo)
Extinction risk: (EN).
Habitat: dirty and rock fields near streams.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: granivore and insectivore.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de do Espinilho, in Barra do Quaraí.
3. Cisne-de-pescoço-preto - Source: istockphoto.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Cygnus
Species: C. melancoryphus Molina, 1782 (Popular names in Brazil: cardeal-amarelo)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: lakes, lagoons and swamps.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: omnivorous (aquatic plants and invertebrates).
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Estação Ecológica do Taim, in Santa Vitória do Palmar and Rio Grande.
4. Coruja-buraqueira - - Source: istock.photo.com.Superkingdown: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Superclass: Tetrapoda
Cass: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Suborder: Scolopaci
Family: Scolopacidae
Subfamily: Sumiinae
Genus: Athene
Species: A. cunicularia Molina, 1782 (Popular names in Brazil: coruja-buraqueira, buraqueira)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: dune zones, beaches and coastal fields, where makes its underground galleries.
Habit: daytime terriculous.
Diet: small rodents, amphibians, marsupials, squamates, bats and insects.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapeva, in Torres.
5. Curiango-do-banhado - Source: br.pinterest.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Cass: Aves
Order: Caprimulgiformes
Family: Caprimulgidae
Subfamily: Sumiinae
Genus: Hydropsalis
Species: H. anomala G. R. Gray, 1840 (Popular names in Brazil: "curiango-do-banhado").
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: wetlands with swampy forests and sandbanks.
Habit: daytime terriculous.
Diet: insects and worms.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Refúgio da vida silvestre do banhado dos Pachecos, in Viamão.
6.Ema - Source: pt.wikipedia.org. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Superclass: Tetrapoda
Cass: Aves
Order: Rheiformes
Family: Rheidae
Genus: Rhea
Species: R. americana Linnaeus, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: "nhandu, nandu, guaripé, xuri").
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: natural fields, savannas and agricultural areas.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: omnivorous (leaves, fruits, seeds, insects, grasshoppers, flies, molluscs, geckos, small rodents, frogs, spiders and snakes,).
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Pampa biome (mainly Campanha region).
7. Garça-branca-grande- - Source: casadospassaros.net.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Penecaniformes
Family: Ardeidae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Ardea
Species: C. alba Linnaeus, 1758 (Sinonímia: Casmerodius albus) (Popular names in Brazil: "garça-branca-grande, garça-branca")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: banks of rivers, swamps, marshes, lakes, lagoons, including in urban areas.
Habit: daytime
Diet: fishes, rodents, amphibians, reptiles, amphibians, insects, small birds and organic matter from garbage.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Campanha region (Pampa biome), fields of Periferal Depression, and Coastal Plain. In Porto Alegre along the Ipiranga stream and in the parks, and Parque Estadual de Itapuã, in Viamão.
8. Garça-branca-pequena - Source: pt. wikipedia.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Penecaniformes
Family: Ardeidae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Egretta
Species: E. thula Molina, 1782 (Popular names in Brazil: "garça-pequena, garceta")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: banks of rivers, swamps, marshes, lakes, lagoons, including in urban areas.
Habit: daytime
Diet: fishes, rodents, amphibians, reptiles, amphibians, insects, small birds and organic matter from garbage.
Temporal range: Eo-Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Campanha region (Pampa biome), fields of Periferal Depression, and Coastal Plain. In Porto Alegre along the Ipiranga stream and in the parks.
9. Garça-moura - Source: casadospassaros.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Penecaniformes
Family: Ardeidae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Ardea
Species: A. cocoi Linnaeus, 1766 (Popular names in Brazil: "socó-de-penacho, maguari, baguari, mauari, garça-morena, joão-grande")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: edge of freshwater lakes, rivers, estuaries, mangroves and wetlands.
Habit: daytime
Diet: fishes, frogs, crabs, molluscs and small reptiles.
Temporal range: Eo-Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Campanha region (Pampa biome), fields of Periferal Depression, and Coastal Plain.
10. Gavião-caramujeiro - -Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Accipitriformis
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Accipitrininae
Genus: Rostrhamus
Species: R. sociabilis Vieillot, 1817 (Popular names in Brazil: "gavião-caramujeiro, gavião-de-aruá, gavião-pescador")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: live in groups in swamps, lakes and flooded pastures
Habit: daytime.
Diet: aquatic snails (aruás) and rarely small crabs.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambara.
11. Gralha-azul - Source: facebook.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Passariformes
Family: Corvidae
Genus: Cyanocorax
Species: C. caeruleus Vieillot, 1818 (Popular names in Brazil: gralha-azul)
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: Araucaria forest and Atlantic rain forest.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: fruits, small invertebrates, insects and pine nuts.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas, in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana and São Francisco de Paula.
12. Inhambú - Source: wikipedia.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Tinamiformes
Family: Tinamidae
Genus: Rhynchotus
Species: R. rufescens Temminck, 1815 (Popular names in Brazil: inhambu-perdiz, perdigão)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: inhabiting dirty fields, capoeiras, plantations and pasture boundaries
Habit: daytime.
Diet: seeds, roots, fruits and small invertebrates.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Campanha region (Pampa biome).
13. João-grande - Source: pt.m.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Ciconiiformes
Family: Ciconiidae
Genus: Ciconia
Species: C. maguari Gmelin, 1789 (Popular names in Brazil: João-grande, cegonha)
Extinction risk: least concern (LC).
Habitat: shallow open plain waters such as tropical wet savanna grasslands, swamps, mudflats, and flooded grassland. It is also found in dry fields.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: fish, frogs, eels, earthworms, invertebrates, insect larvae, snakes, freshwater cravos, small mammals such as mice and bird eggs. More rarely, it may consume smaller birds and lizards (Amphisbaena).
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambara.
14. Maçarico-acanelado - Source: M. Reppening.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Suborder: Scolopaci
Family: Scolopacidae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Calidris
Species: C. subruficolis Vieillot, 1819 (Popular names in Brazil: maçarico-acanelado)
Extinction risk: (CR).
Habitat: low grass areas, sand along the rivers, but away from the water. Visiting species in Brazil (October to March) - rare boreal migrant from the Arctic of North America (30.000-40.000 Km).
Habit: daytime in tall grasses.
Diet: earthworms, larvae, insects and seeds.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapuã, in Viamão.
15. Macuco - Source: youtube.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Tinamiformes
Family: Tinamidae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Tinamus
Species: T. solitarius Vieillot, 1819 (Popular names in Brazil: "macuco, macuca, macuco-solitário")
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: humid tropical lowland and montane forests (up to 1200 m); secondary forests and dense montane rainforest.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: seeds, fruits, insects and worms.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto, in Barracão.
16. Macuquinho-da-várzea - Source: biodiversity4all.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Suborder: Tyranii
Infraorder: Furnariides
Parvorder: Furnariida
Superfamily: Grallarioidea
Family: Rhincryptidae
Subfamily: Stytalopodinae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Scitalopus
Species: S. iraiensis Bornschein, Reinert & Pichorim,1988 (Popular names in Brazil: "macuquinho-da-várzea").
Extinction risk: (EN).
Habitat: river meadows and wetlands with high vegetation.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: little arthropods, insects and worms.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Refúgio da vida silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos, in Viamão.
17. Marrecão - Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Anseriformis
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Netta
Species: N. peposaca Vieillot, 1817 (Popular names in Brazil: "marreca-piadeira; irerê")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: lagoons and wetlands.
Habit: twilight.
Diet: aquatic plants, small fish and invertebrates.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambará.
17. Marreca-piadeira - Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Anseriformis
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Dendrocygna
Species: D. viduata Ihering & Ihering, 1907 (Popular names in Brazil: "marreca-piadeira; irerê")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: lagoons and wetlands.
Habit: twilight.
Diet: aquatic plants, small fish and invertebrates.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambará.
18. Noivinha-de-rabo-preto - Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Passeriformis
Suborder: Tyranni
Infraorder: Tyrannides
Parvorder: Tyrannida
Family: Tyrannidae
Genus: Heteroxolmis
Species: H. dominicana Vieillot, 1823 (Popular names in Brazil: "noivinha-de-rabo-preto, papas-moscas")
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: natural pastures and wetlands.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: it eats grasshoppers, grigs, beetles, flies, wormlikes and spiders.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Refúgio da vida silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos, in Viamão.
19. Papagaio-charão - Source: ebird.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Amazona
Species: A. pretrei Temminck, 1830 (Popular names in Brazil: papagaio-charão, charão, papagaio-da-serra, papagaio-serrano, maragaio, charã, chorão)
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: araucaria forest, but uses eucalyptus forest as a roost.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: seeds (pinions) of Araucaria angustifolia.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Espigão Alto, in Barracão; Área de Proteção Ambiental Rota do Sol, in Cambará do Sul, Itati, São Francisco de Paula e Três Forquilhas.
20. Papagaio-de-peito-roxo - Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Amazona
Species: A. vinaceae Kuhl, 1820 (Popular names in Brazil: "papagaio-de-peito-roxo; papagaio-caboclo; curraleiro; coraleiro, jurueba, papagaio-curraleiro, téu-téu, crau-crau").
Extinction risk: (EN).
Habitat: araucaria forest, but uses eucalyptus forest as a roost.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: seeds (pinions) of Araucaria angustifolia.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Área de Proteção Ambiental Rota do Sol, in Cambará do Sul, Itati, São Francisco de Paula e Três Forquilhas.
21. Pato-de-crista - Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Anseriformis
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Sarkidiornis
Species: S. sylvicola Ihering & Ihering, 1907 (Popular names in Brazil: pato-de-crista, pato-cachamorro, pato-do-mato, putrião)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: perches on trees and hides in the vegetation of ponds and swamps.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: it feeds on small seeds, mainly aquatic plants, leaves, worms, insects, larvae and other small animals.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambará.
22. Perdiz - Source: ebird.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Tinamiformes
Family: Tinamidae
Genus: Rhynchotus
Species: R. rufescens Temminck, 1815 (Popular names in Brazil: perdiz, perdigão)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: shrub savannas.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: insects, preferably termites and grasshoppers, as well as seeds, roots, tubers and small rodents.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Campanha region (Pampa biome).
23. Rendeira - Soure: ebird.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Suborder: Tyranni
Parvorder: Tyrannida
Family: Pipridae
Subfamily: Piprinae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Manacus
Species: M. manacus Linnaeus, 1766 (Popular names in Brazil: suiriri, uirapuru, barbudinho, atangaratinga, tangaratinga, cabeça-de-prata, bilreira, corrupião, maria-rendeira, monge, mongo, mono, quebra-nozes, rendeira-branca)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: It is locally common in the lower stratum and on the edges of forests, "capoeiras", shrubby meadows and "restingas".
Habit: daytime.
Diet: insects and fruits.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapeva, in Torres.
24. Seriema - Source: casadospassaros.net.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Cariamformes
Family: Cariamidae
Genus: Cariama
Species: C. cristata Linnaeus, 1766 (Popular names in Brazil: seriema, sariema, seriema-de-pé-vermelho)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: dirty fields, pastures and degraded areas; sleeps on tree trunks.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: rodents, reptiles (mainly snacks), amphibians, birds, insects, worms, eggs and fruits.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas, in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana and São Francisco de Paula.
25. Suiriri - Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tyrannidae
Subfamily: Arenariinae
Genus: Tyrannus
Species: T. melancholicus Vieillot, 1819 (Popular names in Brazil: suiriri)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: semi open areas with trees and shrubs, gardens and roadsides.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: insects and fruits.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapuã, in Viamão.
26. Uru - Source: wikiaves.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Odontophoridae
Genus: Odontophorus
Species: O. capoeiras Spik, 1823 (Popular names in Brazil: "uru-capoeira, capoeira, pirosinha, perdiz-uru, uru-do-nordeste")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: soils in the densest portions of the forests.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: fruits, pine nuts, seeds, insects and arthropods.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto, in Barracão.
27. Veste-amarela - Source: biologo.com.br; Fotografia: Sergio Corbet.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Icteridae
Genus: Xanthopsar
Species: X. flavus Gmelin, 1788 (Popular names in Brazil: "veste-amarela, pássaro-preto-de-veste-amarela")
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: natural fields, savannas and swamps.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: insects and worms.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Refúgio da vida silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos, in Viamão; Bioma Pampa, em geral.
_________________________________________________
MALACOSTRACEANS
1. Maria-farinha - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Malacrostaca
Order: Decapoda
Infraorder: Brachiura
Superfamily: Ocypoidoidae
Family: Ocypodidae
Genus: Ocypode
Species: O. quadrata Fabricius, 1787 (Popular names in Brazil: "maria-farinha, papa-defunto, caranguejo-fantasma, espia-maré, vaza-maré, aguarauçá, guaruçá, grauça, guriçá").
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: sand beaches.
Habit: nocturnal; terrestrial and aquatic environments in deep burrows.
Diet: remains of fish and other animals, insects, plants and human debris such as food scraps.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapeva, in Torres.
________________________________________________
MAMMALS
1. Anta - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Peryssodactila
Family: Tapiridae
Genus: Tapirus
Species: T. terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: anta, anta-brasileira, anta-comum, anta-gameleira, anta-sapateira, antaxuré, batuvira, pororoca, tapiira, tapira, tapiretê, tapir).
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: Dense Ombrophilous Forest (high Uruguay Forest), near to waterways.
Habit: terrestrial daytime; nocturnal (in anthropized environments).
Diet: fruits and seeds, more rarely leaves.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Turvo in Derrubadas.
2. Bugio- preto - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Felidae
Genus: Allouata
Species: A. caraya Schinz, 1821 (Popular names in Brazil: bugio, bugio-ruivo, bugio-marrom)
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: deciduous forest.
Habit: arboreal mayday.
Diet: foligerous, eventualy fruits, seeds and flowers.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: riparian forests in the center and west of the state; Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambará.
3. Bugio- ruivo - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Pavorder: Platyrrhini
Family: Felidae
Genus: Allouata
Species: A. guariba Schinz, 1821 (Popular names in Brazil: bugio, bugio-ruivo, bugio-marrom)
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: deciduous forest.
Habit: arboreal mayday.
Diet: foligerous (preferably Lauraceae), eventualy fruits and rarely flowers.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapuã, in Viamão; South zone of Porto Alegre and surroudings; Serra do Sudeste (seasonal forest), Serra Geral (mixed ombrophilous, semideciduous and deciduous seasonal forests) and gallery forests in the central region of the State (Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Pardo, Pantano Grande, etc.); àrea de Proteção Ambiental da Rota do Sol, em Cambará do Sul, Itati, São Francisco de Paula and Três Cachoeiras.
4. Cerco-do-pantanal - Source: Unidades de Conservação do Rio Grande do Sul - Fotografia: André Osório Rosa.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Arctiodactyla
Suborder: Ruminantia
Family: Cervidae
Subfamily: Capriolinae
Genus: Blastocerus
Species: B. dichotomus Iliguer, 1815 (Popular names in Brazil: cervo-do-pantanal, suaçupu, suaçuapara, guaçupuçu, cervo).
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: wet environments, flooded savannas, grasslands, river meadows, swamps, and floodplains of large rivers.
Habit: loners; mayday and maynight.
Diet: they feed on broadleaf macrophytes and mainly grasses and legumes.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Refúgio da vida silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos, in Viamão.
4. Gato-do-mato-grande - Source: pt.fr.frwiki.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Genera: Leopardus
Species: L. geoffroyi d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844 (Popular names in Brazil: gato-do-mato, gato-do-mato-grande)
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: open shrubby-tree forest and pastures.
Habit: nocturnal.
Diet: rodents, hares, small lizards, insects and occasionally frogs and fishes.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual Quarta Colônia, in Agudo and Ibirama; Reserva Biológica do Mato Grande, in Arroio Grande.
5. Gato-do-mato-pequeno - Source: brasil.mongabay.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Genera: Leopardus
Species: L. guttulus Schreber, 1775 (Popular names in Brazil: gato-do-mato, gato-tigre-do-sul)
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: Atlantic rain forest and agricultural areas on the borders with forest formations.
Habit: nocturnal and cathemeral, arboreal.
Diet: small lizards, rodents and birds
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual Quarta Colônia, in Agudo and Ibirama.
6. Gato-maracajá - Source: you.tube.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Genera: Leopardus
Species: L. wiedii Schinz, 1821 (Popular names in Brazil: gato-maracajá, gato-do-mato, gato-peludo, maracajá-peludo)
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: deciduous forests.
Habit: nocturnal arboreal.
Diet: feeds on small monkeys, marsupials and rodents; also eats eggs, birds, lizards and tree frogs.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Itapuã, in Viamão.
7. Graxaim-do-campo - Source: estado.rs.gov.be. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Canidae
Genera: Lycalopex
Species: L. gimnocercus Fischer, 1814 (Popular names in Brazil: graxaim-do-campo, sorro, raposa-dos-pampas, guaraxaim")
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: wet pastures.
Habit: twilight and nocturnal; lives in caves, burrows and tree hollows.
Diet: small rodents, hares, birds, carrions, insects and fruits.
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Tainhas, in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana and São Francisco de Paula; Parque Estadual dos Aparados da Serra, in Cambará do Sul.
8. Graxaim-do-mato - Source: pt.wikipedia.org. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Canidae
Genera: Cerdocion
Species: C. thous Fischer, 1814 (Popular names in Brazil: graxaim-do-mato, cachorro-do-mato, raposa, lobinho, lobete, rabo-fofo, guancito, fusquinho ou mata-virgem").
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: edge of the woods.
Habit: nocturnal.
Diet: pequenos vertebrados, invertebrados e frutas.
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: occurs in virtually every state; Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambará.
9. Leão-baio - Source: nactotal.com.br. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felineae
Genera: Puma
Species: P. concolor Linnaeus, 1771 (Popular names in Brazil: leão-baio, onça-parda, suçuarana)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: dense forests, pastures and agricultural crops.
Habit: preferably nocturnal.
Diet: deer, reptiles, birds, fish and insects, capybara, rhea, reptiles, birds, fish and insects, as well as domestic animals (horses, cattles, sheeps, pigs, donkeys, calves and dogs). It also preys on paca, agouti, coati, raccoon and maned wolf, preferably puppies.
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Tainhas, in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana and São Francisco de Paula; Parque Estadual dos Aparados da Serra, in Cambará do Sul; gallery forests of Uruguai river, in São Borja.
10. Lobo-guará - Source: biologo.com.br. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Genus: Chrysocyon
Species: C. brachyurus Illiger, 1815 (Popular names in Brazil: lobo-guará, guará, aguará, agaruaçu, lobo-de-crina, lobo-de-juba, lobo-vermelho).
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: mainly in savannas and forest edges.
Habit: twilight and nocturnal .
Diet: omnivorous (fruits, small mammals. birds and carrion.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: the presence of lobo-guará was reported in São Borja (deciduous forest of Uruguay river), São Gabriel (eucalyptus aflorestation), Caçapava do Sul (Passo do Correio) and Aparados da Serra).
11. Lontra - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Infraclass: Placentaria
Order: Carnivora
Subordem: Feliformia
Family: Mustelidae
Subfamily: Lutrinae
Genus: Lontra
Species: L. longicaudis Olfers, 1818 (Popular names in Brazil: lontra, lontrinha, lobinho-do-rio, lontra neotropical)
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: forests near rivers, lakes and lagoons, also estuaries and marshes.
Habit: nocturnal and diurnal aquatic.
Diet: fish and crustaceous and insects, rarely didelphids, snakes, etc.
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene (?) to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: parques Estaduais de Itapuã, in Viamão e Delta do Jacuí, in Porto Alegre; Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambará; Reserva Biológica do Mato Grande, in Arroio Grande.
12. Macaco-prego - Source: multirio.rio.rj.gov.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Cebidae
Subfamily: Cebinae
Genera: Simia (Sapajus)
Species: S. nigritus Goldfuss, 1809 (Popular names in Brazil: "macaco-prego, mico-preto").
Extinction risk: (CR).
Habitat: wet forests (Atlantic Forest, dense and mixed rainforest).
Habit: diurnal.
Diet: omnivorous; insects and fruits.
Temporal range: Pliocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Horto Florestal da UFRGS (Morro Santana), in Porto Alegre.
13. Mão-pelada - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Procionidae
Genera: Procyon
Species: P. cancrivorous Linneu, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: "mão-pelada, cachorro-do-mangue, cachorrinho-guaximim, cachorro-do-mato-guaxinim, meia-noite, jaracambeva, jaguacampeba, iguanara, jaguacinim, guaxinim, guaxinim-sulamericano").
Extinction risk: (CR).
Habitat: dense forests with bodies of water.
Habit: nocturnal.
Diet: crustaceans (crabs), fruits, insects and other arthropods and vertebrates (mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians).
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Reserva Biológica do São Donato, in Itaqui and Maçambará.
14. Onça-pintada - Source: Bjørn-Einar Nilsen.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genera: Patherae
Species: Panthera onca Linneu, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: "onça-pintada, onça-preta, jaguaretê")
Extinction risk: (CR).
Habitat: Dense Ombrophilous Forest (high Uruguay Forest).
Habit: Dusk to nocturnal; occasionally daytime; arboreal and terrestrial; exceptional swimmer.
Diet: varied, from large herbivores (tapir, capybara), reptiles (alligator and turtle), fish to smaller mammals (ocelot, and others), etc.
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Turvo, in Derrubadas.
Obs: some individuals are melanodermic (black color), but their painted spots can be seen in the background.
15. Paca - Source: pt.wiktionary.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Rodentiae
Family: Cuniculidae
Genera: Cuniculus
Species: C. paca Linnaeus, 1766 (Popular names in Brazil: paca) - since 2018 its considered a subsp. of D. septemcinctus L., 1758).
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: burrows, piles of stones, forests galleries of rivers and streams.
Habit: fossorial nocturnal.
Diet: fruits, leaves, corn, seeds and roots.
Temporal range: Pleistocene (?) to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Espinilho, in Barra do Quaraí; Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto, in Barracão.
16. Rato-de-espinho - Source: revistasagarana.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Hystrichomorpha
Family: Echymidae
Subfamily: Elmysopinae
Genera: Clyomys
Species: C. laticeps Thomas, 1909 (Popular names in Brazil: rato-de-espinho).
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: subterranean environment of forests.
Habit: nocturnal; forages above rounds.
Diet: basically fruits and seeds.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Papagaio-charão, in Sarandi.
17. Tamanduá-mirim - Source: m.biologianet.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Infraclass: Placentaria
Superorder: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Family: Myrmecophagidae
Genera: Tamandua
Species: T. tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: tamanduá-mirim, tamanduá-de-colete, jaleco, mambira, mexia, caminha, botelho).
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: margins of forests and savannas.
Habit: daytime; arboreal.
Diet: ants and termites.
Temporal range: Late Miocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto, in Barracão; Horto Botânico da Riocell, in Guaíba.
18. Tatu-mulita - Source: Wikimedia Commons. Photo: Tom Duca de Tolosa (Fauna digital do Rio Grande do Sul).Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Cingulata
Family: Dasipodidae
Genera: Dasypus
Species: D. hybridus Desmarest, 1804 (Popular names in Brazil: tatu-mulita, mulita, tatuíra) - since 2018 its considered a subsp. of D. septemcinctus L., 1758).
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: dans in natural pastures.
Habit: fossorial nocturnal.
Diet: invertebrates (ants and termites), small vertebrates, tubers, fruits and fungi.
Temporal range: Pleistocene (?) to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas, in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana and São Francisco de Paula.
19. Tuco-tuco - Source: biodiversity4all.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Hystrichomorfa
Infraorder: Hystricognathi
Parvorder: Caviomorpha
Superfamily: Octodontoidea
Family: Ctenomyidae
Genus: Ctenomys
Species: C. minutus Nehring, 1887 (Popular names in Brazil: tuco-tuco, curu-curu, rato-de-pente).
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: burrows in sand terrains.
Habit: daytime fussorial.
Diet: grass leaves and berries.
Temporal range: Late Pliocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: internal beach dunes and sandy fields between Tavares and Torres.
20. Veado-campeiro - Source: animalbussiness.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Ozotoceros
Species: O. bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: "veado-campeiro, veado-branco, veado-galheiro").
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: they are mostly diurnal animals and live in open pastures.
Habit: daytime fussorial.
Diet: green growth, shrubs and herbs.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas, em Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana e São Francisco de Paula.
21. Veado-campeiro - Source: animalbussiness.com.br.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Ozotoceros
Species: O. bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: "veado-campeiro, veado-branco, veado-galheiro").
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: they are mostly diurnal animals and live in open pastures.
Habit: daytime fussorial.
Diet: green growth, shrubs and herbs.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas, em Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana e São Francisco de Paula.
22. Veado-mateiro - Source: wikipedia.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Mazama
Species: M. americana Linnaeus, 1758 (Popular names in Brazil: "veado-mateiro, suaçupita, guatapará, guassu-pará, veado-pardo, veado-capoeiro, veado-retovado, guazú-phitá").
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: dense and deciduous forests.
Habit: nocturnal.
Diet: fruits, leaves, flowers and fungi.
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent.
23. Zorrilho - Source: guiaanimal.net.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Cass: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Maphitidae
Genus: Conepatus
Species: C. chinga Molina, 1782 (Popular names in Brazil: zorrilho.)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: inhabits burrows and clumps of foliage in native fields
Habit: night loner.
Diet: arthropods, small vertebrates and fruits.
Temporal range: Pleistocene (?) to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana and São Francisco de Paula.
PORIFEROUS
1. Filtro-d'água - Source: m.biologianet.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdown: Parazoa
Phylum: Porifera
Genus: Oncosclera
Species: O. jewelli Wolkmer-Ribeiro, 1963 (Popular names in Brazil: filtro-d'água)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: sessile organisms on slabs with clean, running water.
Habit: aquatic.
Diet: microorganisms and organic matter.
Temporal range: Pre-Cambrian to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Tainhas, in Cambará do Sul, Jaquirana and São Francisco de Paula.
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REPTILES
1. Coral-verdadeira - Source: infoescola.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Ophida
Superfamily: Xenophidia
Family: Elapidae
Genus: Micrurus
Species: M. altirostris Cope, 1859 (Popular names in Brazil: coral-verdadeira)
Extinction risk: (NE).
Habitat: forest edges under the litter.
Habit: daytime.
Diet: other snakes.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Papagaio Charão, in Sarandi.
2. Cruzeira - Source: pt.wikipedia.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Viperidae
Genus: Bothrops
Species: B. alternatus A. M. C. Duméril, Bribon & H. A. Duméril1854 (Popular names in Brazil: cruzeiro, cruzeira, urutu e urutu-cruzeiro)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: rupestrian and wet fields and rock cavities.
Habit: nocturnal; can be daytime.
Diet: mainly rodents of small size.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: campos dos morros graníticos, in Guaíba, Porto Alegre and Viamão.
3. Jacaré-do-papo-amarelo - Source: m.biologianet.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Crocodylia
Family: Alligatoridae
Genus: Caiman
Species: C. latirostris Daudin, 1802 (Popular names in Brazil: jacaré-do-papo-amarelo)
Extinction risk: (LC).
Habitat: rivers, lakes, lagoons and mangroves.
Habit: daytime and nocturnal.
Diet: fishes, turtles, gastropods, molluscs, birds, bats, reptiles and ungulates.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí, in Porto Alegre.
4. Lagartixa-das-dunas - Source: istock.photo.com.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Liolaemidae
Genus: Liolaemus
Species: L. occipitalis Boulenger, 1805 (Popular names in Brazil: lagartixa-das-dunas, lagarto-da-areis, lagartinho-das-dunas)
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: sand dunes (underground in sands).
Habit: daytime.
Diet: insects and other invertebrates, leaves and flowers.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual de Itapeva, in Torres. Chui Cassino, Hermenegildo (Santa Vitória do Palmar), Mostardas and São José do Norte beaches.
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1. Lagartixa-das-pedras - Source: biodiversity4all.org.Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Lacertilia
Family: Phyllodactylidae
Genus: Homonota
Species: H. uruguayensis Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra de Soriano, 1961 (Popular names in Brazil: lagartixa-das-rochas, gecko -do-campo)
Extinction risk: (VU).
Habitat: rocky outcrops.
Habit: daytime and nocturnal.
Diet: only arthropods.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Reserva Biológica do Ibirapuitã, in Alegrete.
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SAUROPODS
1. Tigre-d'água - Source: biocs2013.wordpress.com.Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdown: Animalia
Subkingdown: Eumetazoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclass: Tetrapoda
Class: Sauropsida
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Testudinoidea
Family: Emididae
Genus: Trachemys
Species: T. dorbigni Duméril & Bibron, 1835 (Popular names in Brazil: tigre-d'água, tartaruga-tigre, tartaruga-verde-amarelo)
Extinction risk: (NT).
Habitat: aquatic (swamps, lakes, lagoons and rivers).
Habit: daytime.
Diet: fishes, frogs, etc.
Temporal range: ? to Recent.
Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul: Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí, in Porto Alegre.
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References:
LEMA, de T.; MARTINS, L. A. Anfíbios do Rio Grande do Sul. Catálogo, diagnoses, distribuição, iconografia. EDIPUCRS, 196 p., 2011.
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